This section is from the book "An Elementary Outline Of Mechanical Processes", by G. W. Danforth. Also available from Amazon: An elementary outline of mechanical processes.
This method of producing wrought iron direct from the ore is called the direct method. It it still used to a small extent in a few places in Europe where charcoal is cheap, but its output is not important in the commercial world. The method by which most of the wrought iron is now produced is known as the indirect method. It is so named because the ore is first smelted to produce pig iron, and this is then converted into wrought iron.
 
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