See "acid," page 287.

Walnut, black.

Fresh stains, which are still moist, usually can be removed, provided the material is strong enough to stand the treatment, but old stains or stains on delicate fabrics in many cases cannot be removed by any of the reagents tried.

The following reagents are satisfactory in some cases:

1. Concentrated soap solution, prepared by shaving about 1 cubic inch of laundry soap into 1 pint of hot water and stirring until dissolved. Boil the stain in this solution. This treatment is successful only with fresh stains upon cotton or linen. In the case of week-old stains, a gray color persists.

2. Soap solution as in No. 1, followed by bleaching with Javelle water. This treatment is effective in removing the gray stains mentioned in No. 1, in many instances.

3. Javelle water, diluted with an equal volume of hot water. Soak the stained place for l 1/2 hours in this solution, then rinse thoroughly, treat with dilute oxalic acid, and rinse again. This is effective in removing a week-old stain and the fibers of the material are not seriously injured.

Soaking the stain in Javelle water of full strength, however, rots the material.