Among other matters, this bulletin contains a valuable paper by C. P. Gillette, upon "Codlin Moth Experiments." Mr. Gillette controlled a small and isolated plantation of Duchess apples, upon which careful experiments were made with London purple and water, Paris green and plaster, and carbolized plaster. In every case, treated trees gave better fruit than untreated trees. The poorest results were obtained from the use of carbolized plaster, there having been a saving of 34 per cent. of fruit liable to injury. "This remedy could hardly be recommended even if very good results were obtained, as it does not kill the insect in any of its stages, but simply repels the moths, which seek the fruit of neighboring trees, on which to deposit their eggs".

Next best results were obtained from the London purple, which saved about 80 per cent. of the fruit One pound of poison was used with 128 gallons of water; some of the trees were sprayed once and some twice.

Best results followed the application of Paris green and plaster. This saved 94 per cent. of the fruits liable to attack. "I believe that no one has ever reported on a remedy for the codlin moth, which, by careful counts, has shown as good results as this." One pound of Paris green was used with 100 pounds of plaster. This was thoroughly dusted over the trees, from once to three times Mr. Gillette thinks that two applications are ample. "Poisons can not be applied by this method as rapidly or easily as by means of a force pump, but it has the advantage of costing nothing for apparatus, and the trees can be dusted quite rapidly from a wagon, by driving on the windward side of the row. This method of applying the poisons would be specially useful where only a few trees were to be treated, and where it is thought that a pump can not be afforded." These results with the dry poison are certainly remarkable, and they indicate that a distributing machine like the lately perfected Strawsonizer, of England, may yet find use and favor in our orchards.

At all events, these experiments afford a new proof of the efficacy of arsenites in the combatting of the codlin moth.

Iowa Experiment Station #1

Part IV of this bulletin records the work of C. P. Gillette upon spraying for the plum curculio and plum gouger. Observations were made to determine how late the curculio continues to lay its eggs, and it was found that eggs were deposited in plums certainly until August 22. These eggs were laid by belated females; there is no evidence to show that the insect is double brooded. It was found that the curculio has a decided preference for the old varieties of plums, as compared with the native varieties. The fruit of Prunus Simoni was not attacked. The curculio seems to like the Oldenburg apple, and the eggs laid in the apples are just as sure to hatch as those laid in plums, notwithstanding a common notion to the contrary. The puncture of the curculio upon the apple is not often crescent-shaped, but is "only a broad puncture or slit running obliquely into the flesh of the fruit. Such punctures as these are not very unccmmon on plums." The Wier theory that curculio larva? do not develop in the native plums is not true. "Those who have studied this subject most thoroughly and carefully know no curculio-proof plums." The idea that the most succulent and quickest growing plums are least liable to curculio injury, because the growth of the fruit is supposed to compress and kill the eggs and larvae, is not only untrue, but just the opposite is the fact.

Timber Book.

The plum gouger, an insect rarely if ever found east of Lake Michigan, is often more serious than the curculio. It appeared last year fully a week before the trees were in bloom. The puncture of this beetle appears as a little black speck. This insect shows a decided preference for the native varieties. "The plums infested by the gouger do not, so far as my observations have gone, ripen or fall prematurely, and all stung fruit that falls before the 20th of June will not mature the perfect insect. So, gathering the fruit as it falls will be of no account as a remedy. There is one remedy, aside from jarring and collecting the beetles, that seems to me to be a very practical one, and that is to gather and destroy all stung fruit as soon as possible after July 1, and before August 10. This might seem, at first thought, to be too laborious a task, but it should be remembered that if all the trees in a district could be once thoroughly gone over with in this manner it would mean practical extermination of the gougers in that localities for years, for at this time every gouger in the country is imprisoned in the plums.

London purple is of tittle avail in fighting this insect.