Section XVII. Cranial Nerves
Description
This section is from the book "Handbook Of Anatomy For Students Of Massage", by Margaret E. Bjorkegren. Also available from Amazon: Handbook Of Anatomy For Students Of Massage.
Section XVII. Cranial Nerves
There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves emerging on each side of the base of the brain, which supply the tissues of the head and neck (see Fig. 61).
Name of Nerve. | Function. | Exit from Brain. | Distribution. |
1. Olfactory | Sensory | Olfactory bulb | To mucous membrane of nose |
2. Optic | Sensory | Optic thalamus | To eyeball |
3. Oculo-motor | Motor | Crus cerebri | To muscles of eyeball |
4. Trochlear | Motor | Superior medullary velum | To muscle of eyeball |
5. Trigeminal | Mixed | Pons varolii | Sensory to face, tongue, and teeth; motor to muscles of mastication |
6. Abducent | Motor | Junction of pons and medulla | To muscle of eyeball |
7. Facial | Mixed | Pons varolii | Motor to muscles of scalp and face ; sensory to tongue |
8. Auditory | Sensory | Pons varolii | To internal ear |
9. Glossopharyngeal | Sensory | Medulla | To tongue and pharynx |
10. Pneumogas-tric or vagus | Sensory | Medulla | To pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, and respiratory organs |
11. Spinal accessory | Mixed | Medulla | Accessory to vagus ; motor to trapezius and sterno-mastoid |
12. Hypoglossal | Motor | Medulla | To muscles of tongue |
The above table shows briefly the essential points as to the functions and distributions of the nerves, but some of them must be described in fuller detail.
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