A Crasis Appertaining to this class often becomes localized, as one of the exudatory processes adverted to, uponthe intestinal mucous membrane, as in many instances of acute diarrhoea and of dysentery. These often prove fatal through paralysis of the intestine - through exhaustion. A very remarkable and momentous phenomena, however, is a resulting thickening of the blood to a dark red liquid, of a tarry appearance, and of the consistency of treacle. It proves fatal under the symptoms of anaemia in vital organs [lungs, brain], of rigor [tonic spasm] of muscular organs, or else through local hyperaemiae [for example of the brain]. Eruptive phenomena in the progress of the dysenteries are not at all uncommon.

Conversions of the crasis to the croupous and to protracted pyaemia are frequent.

Next in the series is the cholera-process. It is a more or less rapidly developed hypinosis, with the characters of the exanthematous. Its localization extends over the entire intestinal tract as an exhausting exudatory process, multifarious in its products, and either proving rapidly fatal under acute inspissation of the blood and the aforesaid contingent phenomena, or else passing over into a so-called stage of reaction.

In the former case, the dead subject presents a dingy, blue-gray coloration of the common integument - a puckered state of the latter and of the areolar tissue, with herb-like dryness and rigidity, and with dark coloration of the muscles. The blood, if we except certain stases in different ranges of the vascular system, especially in the bloodvessels of the membranes of the brain, is found acccumulated in the vascular trunks, and in the heart, as a dark tar-like mass, without fibrin-coagu-lum. The lungs are for the most part dry, inflated, of a deep red; the serous membranes - more especially the peritoneum - moistened with an abundant viscid coating. The intestinal canal is the seat of an extensive, and equally rapid and intense process of exudation, and presents the general lineaments of paralysis. Surcharged as it is with fluid, it is nevertheless collapsed, soft, and flabby-membraned, pallid, rarely presenting any intussusception. It contains, in varied measure, a serous fluid, rendered turbid, whey- or rice-water-like, whitish or yellowish-white, by the debris of epithelium and minute particles of protein substances, or else slightly reddened by the intermingling of blood. The mucous membrane is denuded of its epithelium, and bare; or the coagu-lable portion of the exudation may adhere to it in the shape of a loose bran-like covering, or of membrane-like formations. Its texture is bloated, and is for the most part readily scraped off, as a reddish-white pulp; its follicles, especially at the ileum, distended by exudate to the bigness of millet or hemp-seeds. The spleen is shrivelled, the urinary bladder empty. In the ganglia of the sympathetic we detect little hemorrhagic spots, as big as a poppy or millet-seed.

In the so-called stage of reaction, the crasis reverts to the normal, or else the hypinosis changes under expansion of the blood into a typhoid disease. The latter is remarkable for a secondary localization upon the mucous membrane of the intestines, in the shape of repeated processes of exudation, and also for exanthematous processes simulating measles, scarlatina, pemphigus or erysipelas, upon the common integument. During the thus protracted course of this hypinosis, it is very usual for a fibrino croupous crasis to develope itself, and for the mucous membrane of the intestine, of the stomach, of the oesophagus, of the trachea, to display croupous exudation, - the lungs, croupous pneumonia.

This hypinosis is moreover convertible to pyaemia, to acute softening, and also liable to putrid decomposition.