(Monosaccharoses) Dioses (C2H4O2) - Glycolose.

Moses (C3H6O3). Aldoses - Glycerose. Ketose - Dioxyacetone.

Tetroses (C4H8O4).

Aldoses - Erythrose,3 Threose.3 Ketose - Erythrulose.2

Pentoses (C6H10O5).

Aldoses - Arabinose,2 Xylose,2 Ribose,2 Lyxose.8 Ketoses - Araboketose3, Xyloketose (ketoxylose).2 [Methyl pentoses (C6H10O5) - Rhamnose,2 Fucose2].

* Some writers use the term polysaccharides to include all carbohydrates other than monosaccharides. Mathews applies it to all carbohydrates more complex than the disaccharides.

† Names of a few of the most important carbohydrates are printed in small capitals. Separate mention of the d, l, and dl forms of the various sugars is omitted, since in the study of food and nutrition we are practically concerned only with that one of the three forms which is found in or derived from natural products.

Hexoses (C6H12O6).

Aldoses - Glucose,1 Mannose,2 Galactose,2 Gulose,3 Idose,3Talose,3

Allose,2 Altrose.3 Ketoses - Fructose,1 Sorbose,2 Tagatose.3

Heptoses (C7H14O7). Aldose - Mannoheptose.1 Ketose - Sedoheptose.1

Note. - No attempt is here made to summarize the occurrence of any but the tetroses, pentoses, hexoses and heptoses. Glycolose and the trioses if formed in nature are probably too reactive to accumulate sufficiently for identification.

Disaccharides (Disaccharoses)

Dihexoses (Hexobioses) - (C12H22011). Anhydride of glucose + fructose-Sucrose. Anhydrides of glucose + galactose - Lactose, Melibiose. Anhydrides of glucose + glucose- Maltose, Isomaltose, Trehalose, Turanose.

Trisaccharides (Trisaccharoses)

Trihezoses (C18H22O16). Anhydride of glucose + galactose +fructose - Raffinose. Anhydride of glucose + glucose + glucose - Melezitose. Anhydride of fructose + fructose + fructose - Secalose.

Tetrasaccharides (Tetrasaccharoses)

Tetrahexoses (C24H42O21). Anhydrides of 2 galactose + glucose + fructose - Stachyose, Lupeose.

Polysaccharides (Polysaccharoses)

Pentosans (chief constituents of gums and mucilages). Anhydrides of xylose - Xylans. Anhydrides of arabinose - Arabans.

Hexosans.

Anhydrides of glucose-Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen, Dextrin (and other "dextrans"). Anhydrides of mannose - Mannans. Anhydrides of galactose- Galactans (pectins). Anhydrides of fructose - Inulin (and other "levulans").

1 Occurs free in nature.

2 Not yet found free in nature (or only in small amounts) but obtained by hydrolysis or fermentation of natural product.

3 Known only (with certainty) as a laboratory product.