While it was relatively easy in this research to obtain subjects that could eat large quantities of protein and especially of carbohydrates, it was difficult to obtain those who could take large amounts of pure or approximately pure fat. In only one experiment, therefore, was an attempt made to give olive oil, this being in the form of a mayonnaise dressing. The results of the experiment have been reported in considerable detail in a previous section (see pages 63 et seq.). The earliest experiments with a predominatingly fat diet were made with cream, which was palatable and could be taken with relative ease. It was not, however, a pure fat, as it contained measurable amounts of protein and lactose. Another diet employed was butter and potato chips. This again was not a pure fat diet, as the potato chips, which were used more particularly as a vehicle for the butter, contained a certain amount of starch in combination with a considerable amount of fat. Aside from the single experiment with mayonnaise, we were obliged to content ourselves with these two imperfect fat diets.

Statistics Of Experiments

The experiments with a fat diet included 1 experiment with olive oil taken in mayonnaise, 7 experiments with cream, and 7 experiments with butter and potato chips. The metabolism was determined in all cases with the respiration calorimeter. The experiments in 1906 and 1907 were made in Middletown (see tables 184 to 186 and 191 to 194), while those in 1910 were carried out with the chair calorimeter in Boston (see tables 187 to 190 and 195 to 197). In the Middletown experiments the basal values used were obtained on some other than the experimental day, and the measurements were made in 2-hour periods. In the Boston experiments the basal values were obtained on the same day, immediately preceding the experiments with a fat diet, and the measurements were made in 1-hour periods. Data not included in the tables or discussion of the experiments are given in the following paragraphs:

A. H. M., 7 A. M., December 3, To 7 A. M., December 6, 1906

Night before experiment was spent in calorimeter chamber; slept most of time; but little restlessness. At beginning of first fasting day, urinated, dressed, and assisted in weighing himself, then put bedding away and sat down; body-weight, 65.8 kilograms. Between 7h24m a. m. and llh03m p. m. urinated 3 times, went to food aperture 8 times, took 3 strength tests, and drank water twice (total amount, 115 grams); slept sitting in chair about half hour in afternoon. Aside from some further slight activity, sat in chair quietly reading, writing, or idle until going to bed at llh03m p. m. Awoke at 4 a. m., December 4; did not sleep soundly afterward.

At 7 A. M., December 4. Rose, Urinated, And Dressed, Then Weighed Himself; Body-Weight, 64.6 Kilograms

Activity during second fasting day somewhat less than on preceding day, as he lay on bed from lh06m p. m. to 7h02m p. m. and again from 7h30m p. m. until he went to bed at llh02m p. m. Between 7h47m a. m. and llh02m p. m., urinated 3 times, went to food aperture 4 times, took 2 strength tests, and drank water twice (total amount, 186 grams). Aside from this activity, sat quietly in chair, for most part reading, writing, or idle. Restless during night, probably due to sleeping so much day before. Body-temperature rose during night somewhat higher than previous night.

At 7 A. M., December 5, Rose, Urinated, And Dressed, Then Weighed Himself; Body-Weight, 63.4 Kilograms

Between 7 a. m. and llh02m p. m., went to food aperture 14 times, drank water 8 times (total amount, 990 grams), took 3 strength tests, defecated at 12h30m p. m., and urinated twice in addition to urinating at 7 a. m. Food eaten slowly between 9h06m and 9h48m a. m. Slept few minutes about 2h30m p. m. and seemed drowsy about 8 p. m. Rest of time sat quietly in chair, reading, writing, or idle. Undressed and went to bed at llh02m p. m.; awoke at 4 a. m,, December 6, but soon went to sleep and slept soundly remainder of night. Pulse and respiration rates quickened at beginning of food day; pulse rate at times irregular on this day. Pulse rate for first day, 55; second day, 59; food day, 66. Respiration rate first day, 18; second day, 18; food day, 21.

A. L. L., 8h30m A. M. To 4h30m P. M., March 27, 1906. 68.4 Kilograms

Urinated 7h48m a. m., 12h33m and 4h45m p. m. Very quiet, reading most of time; sleepy last half hour. Body-temperature: 36.69°, 36.40°, 36.30°, 36.60°, 36.54° C. Pulse rate, 60; respiration rate, 19.

H. R. D., 8h36m A. M. To 4h36m P. M., March 28, 1906. 58.9 Kilograms

Urinated at 7h45m, 10h47m a. m., 2h40m, and 4h50m p. m. Read about two-thirds of experimental period and also made notes; occasionally drowsy, falling asleep twice. Cream did not inconvenience subject except for half hour, about 2 hours after experiment began. Body-temperature: 36.84°, 36.64°, 36.67°, 36.67°, 36.84° C. Pulse rate, 68; respiration rate, 19.

A. H. M., 8h30m A. M. To 4h30m P. M., April 5, 1906. 66.9 Kilograms

Took enema before entering calorimeter chamber; slight desire to defecate a half hour after drinking cream, which soon passed away. Somewhat restless for short time, but afterwards sat quietly reading; little sleepy in latter part of morning. Urinated 4h32m p. m. Body-temperature: 36.44°, 36.41°. 36.36°, 36.25°, 36.25° C. Pulse rate, 61; respiration rate, 19.

J.J.C.,9h21ma.m. To 3h21mp.m., March 22,1910. 64.3 Kilograms. 2 Basal Periods

Urinated 7 a. m., llh21m a. m. and 3h31m p. m. Asleep in second basal period (at 10h53m a. m.) and in first and second food periods (12h08m to 12h20m p. m. and lh08m to lh20m p. m.). In basal periods more or less restless; moving head and shoulders considerably; was asked to sit more quietly. After cream, more quiet, also more sleepy, having to be awakened. Basal periods: pulse rate, 64; respiration rate, 20. After cream: pulse rate 69; respiration rate, 20.

D. J. M.,9h33m A. M. To Lh33m P. M., March 23,1910. 58.4 Kilograms. 2 Basal Periods

Urinated and defecated at 7h50m a. m. Telephoned considerably during experiment; drank water at 12h52m p. m. (200 grams). Asleep at beginning of second basal period (10h36m a. m.) and of second food period (12h35m p. m.). Basal periods: pulse rate, 68; respiration rate, 19. After cream: pulse rate, 72; respiration rate, 19. Nitrogen in urine per hour 6h45m a. m. to 7h50m a. m., 0.55 gram.

D. J. M., 9h37m A. M. To 2h37m P. M., June 3, 1910. 57.8 Kilograms. 2 Basal Periods

Defecated at 8h23m a. m.; urinated at llh02m a. m., lh53m and 2h45m p. m. Drank water at 10h50m a. m. (35 grams). Basal periods: body-temperature, 36.74°, 36.65°, 36.66° C; pulse rate, 63; respiration rate, 17. After cream: body-temperature, 36.69°, 36.76°, 36.77° C; pulse rate, 69; respiration rate, 18.

D. J. M., 9h21m A. M. To 3h21m P. M., June 7,1910. 58.2 Kilograms. 2 Basal Periods

Urinated 7h50m, llh25m a. m. and 3h30m p. m. Drank water at 2h05m p. m. (53 grams). Basal periods: pulse rate, 62; respiration rate, 19. After cream: pulse rate, 66; respiration rate, 19.

E. H. B., 9h07m A. M. To 3h07m P. M., March 19, 1907. 72.9 Kilograms

Took enema and urinated about 7h45m a. m.; about 2 o'clock some desire to defecate, which later passed away. Drank water every period (total amount, 693 grams). Reading most of time; activity slight except in last period. Perspired about 15 minutes about 2h30m p. m.; was restless, and complained of feeling very warm; suffered from pain in abdomen, which shortly became acute; temperature and pulse rate rose; experiment concluded at end of third period. Body temperature, 37.57°, 37.76°, 37.81°, 38.10° C. Pulse rate, first period, 85; second period, 73; third period, 80 (rose between 2h02m and 2h33m p. m. from 69 to 91). Respiration rate, 21.

A. H. M., 9h34m A. M. To 5h34m P. M., March 25, 1907. 66.3 Kilograms

Urinated 7h45m a. m. after enema; attempted to urinate at llh41m a. m.; passed urine at lh34m p. m. and 5h41m p. m. Slightly nauseated while eating food. Some difficulty in adjusting chair, which necessitated considerable activity for a few minutes at beginning of first period. Drank water at 9h45m, llh40m, llh54m a. m., lh42m p. m. (total amount, 693 grams). Somewhat restless throughout first two periods; idle much of time, or reading. Pulse rate, 73; respiration rate, 21.

A. H. M., 8h57m A. M. To 4h57m P. M., May 15, 1907. 65.5 Kilograms

Took enema about 7h40m a. m.; urinated at 6 a. m., llh04m a. m., 5h06m p. m. Drank water at beginning of first period, 12h45m p. m., and lh25m p. m. (total amount, 243 grams). Drowsy at first, then read and made notes for about half of remaining time. Body-temperature: 37.07°, 36.84°, 37.02°, 36.83°, 36.87° C. Pulse rate, 69; respiration rate, 19.

A. W. W., 8h42m A. M. To 4h42m P. M., April 25, 1907. 58.5 Kilograms

Urinated 7h40m a. m. (after enema), 10h46m a. m., 12h47m and 4h50m p. m. Drank water at beginning of each period (324 grams in all). Bodv-tempera-ture: 36.58°, 36.65°, 36.89°, 36.94°, 36.97° C. Pulse rate, 65; respiration rate, 21.

J. J. C, 9h30m A. M. To 4h30m P. M., March 12, 1910. 63.7 Kilograms. 2 Basal Periods

Urinated 7 a.m., 9h38m a. m., and 4h42m p. m. Slept from 2h46m p. m. to 2h40m p. m. During last period was restless and telephoned to know how soon experiment would be over, as he was tired of sitting still. At 2h49m p. m.. complained of cold and wrapped blanket around shoulders. Basal periods: body-temperature, 37.32°, 37.08°, 37.18° C.; pulse rate, 67; respiration rate, 19. After food: body-temperature, 37.34°, 37.34°, 37.33°, 37.36°, 37.42° C; pulse rate, 65; respiration rate, 18. Nitrogen in urine per hour 7 a. m. to 9h38m a. m.. 0.14 gram.

L.E.E., 9h23m A.m. To 4h23mp.m.,Marchl4,1910. 59.8 Kilograms. 2 Basal Periods

High-carbohydrate supper night before. Urinated 8h05m, 9h23m a. m., 2h23m p. m. Drank water llh45m a. m. (97 grams). In first two periods subject kept slipping down in chair, then raising himself to a more erect position; seemed to find it difficult to obtain an easy position; in urinating at 2h23m p. m., moved considerably, nearly getting out of chair. Asleep between lh08m and lh44m p. m. and also at 3h08m p. m.; at 3h28m p. m., restless. Basal periods: pulse rate, 60; respiration rate, 17. After food: pulse rate, 60; respiration rate, 17.

J. R., 8h49m A. M. To 3h49m P. M., March 21,1910. 67.4 Kilograms. 2 Basal Periods

Took enema and urinated at 7h05m a. m., also at 3h58m p. m. Drank 68 grams water after eating. Basal periods: body-temperature, 37.50°, 37.57°, 37.63° C; pulse rate, 70; respiration rate, 15. After food: body-temperature, 37.75°, 37.73°, 37.74°, 37.81°, 37.93° C; pulse rate, 73; respiration rate, 14.