It should be noted that for computing the increment in the heat production by the indirect method the basal value computed by indirect calorimetry (152 calories) was used in place of the basal value of 164 calories given at the head of table 101, which was obtained by direct calorimetry. The non-protein respiratory quotients are not here tabulated, but have all been computed and used in obtaining the heat production by the indirect method. In general they are two to three points higher than the respiratory quotients recorded, as is the case in practically all of the experiments in this report.

Table 101. - A. H. M., April 1, 1907. Sitting. (2-Hour Periods). Sucrose1

Amount, 191 grams; energy, 756 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct. Basal values (March 6 and 9, 1907): CO2, 51 grams; O2, 46 grams; heat, 164 cals.

1Subject took sugar, together with 119 grams water, in 25 minutes. 2Sample included amount for about an hour preceding the taking of sugar.

A. W. W., May 28, 1907

A much smaller amount of sugar (80 grams, with an energy value of 317 calories) was taken in this experiment as compared with that eaten in the preceding experiment. The periods were but an hour in length instead of 2 hours, as in the experiment with A. H. M.; the wisdom of attempting to shorten the measurements of the metabolism to 1 hour is, however, questionable. The results obtained are given in table 102. Practically the entire increment in the carbon-dioxide production was found in the first hour. The oxygen consumption showed almost no increase after the ingestion of the carbohydrate; in fact, there was a total decrease of 5 grams. The slight increase in the heat production in the first two periods was in part compensated by an actual loss in the subsequent periods. It would appear probable from these data that the basal value selected for this experiment should not properly be used, especially in view of the fact that it is an average of two values obtained some two months before the experiment with sugar was made, i. e., on March 15 and 21, 1907. The specially significant points in connection with this experiment are that the carbon-dioxide production increased in the first hour and that nearly all of the respiratory quotients were somewhat high. The fact that two of these quotients were as high as 1.19 and 1.10 throws considerable doubt upon the accuracy of the measurements of the oxygen consumption.

The values for this experiment are presented chiefly as an illustration of the difficulty of studying problems of this kind when small amounts of ingested material are used, an attempt is made to lower the period of measurement to one hour with so large a calorimeter as that used in Middletown, and an apparently defective basal value is selected which was obtained several months previous to the experiment.

Table 102. - A. W. W., May 28, 1907. Sitting. (1-Hour Periods). Sucrose

Amount, 80 grams; energy, 317 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct. Basal values (March 15 and 21, 1907): CO?, 25 grams; O2, 21 grams; heat, 78 cals.

F. M. M., January 31, 1910

In the first Boston experiment the subject took 100 grams of sucrose and the juice of one lemon with a total energy value of 408 calories. The data given in table 103 for this experiment show an increase in the carbon-dioxide production for the first three periods and a slight increase in the oxygen consumption with measurable increase in heat production. Thus all three factors indicate an increment in metabolism as a result of the ingestion of sugar. As a rule, the respiratory quotients were characteristically high. The basal value used for this experiment was an average of four values, one obtained on the morning of the same day and the others determined at intervals in the following three weeks. The total increments of 18 grams of carbon dioxide, 4.5 grams of oxygen, and 19 calories of heat over the basal value in the course of 5 hours show a definite effect on the metabolism as a result of the ingestion of sugar.

Table 103. - F. M. M., January 31, 1910. Sitting. (1-Hour Periods). Sucrose

Amounts, 100 grams sucrose, and juice of one lemon; energy, 408 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct. Nitrogen in urine, 0.53 gram per hour. Basal values (January 31 to February 19, 1910): CO2, 26.5 grams; O2, 23.0 grams; heat,1 80 cals. On January 31, 1910, respiratory quotient, 0.86; nitrogen in urine, 0.54 gram per hour.

1Heat eliminated corrected for change in body-weight, but not for change in body-temperature 2Subject finished drinking solution (373 grams) 12 minutes after the beginning of this period.

Table 104. - F. M. M., February 2, 1910. Sitting. (1-Hour Periods). Sucrose

Amounts, 100 grams sucrose and juice of one lemon; energy, 408 cals.; from carbohydrates, 100 p. ct. Nitrogen in urine, 0.60 gram per hour.1 Basal values (February 2, 1910): CO2, 27.5 grams; 02, 23.5 grams; heat,2 78 cals.; respiratory quotient, 0.86.

1Sample included amount for 3 1/4 hours without food preceding experiment.

2Heat eliminated corrected for change in body-weight, but not for change in body-temperature.

3Subject drank solution (386 grams) at beginning of this period.

F. M. M., February 2, 1910

In the second sucrose experiment with this subject the same amounts of sugar and lemon juice were taken as in the first experiment. The basal value was determined immediately prior to the values after food. The data given in table 104 show an increment in the carbon-dioxide production, a slight increment in the oxygen consumption, and a perceptible increment in the heat production in the first three periods. High respiratory quotients are also recorded.