(Published In 1893.)

The Pabst Hotel, now called the St. Charles, Milwaukee, Wis., was built in 1860, and was refitted and the plumbing extended and modified in 1891 by Halsey Brothers, Milwaukee, who arranged the work so as to control all hot and cold-water supplies from the engine room in the cellar, as shown in the accompanying view of the valve board, heater, and main connections, the pipes and valves being set to meet previous conditions, and conveniently and compactly arranged with symmetry on the walls and low ceiling. The street supply is through a 4-inch main, which ordinarily delivers through a 4-inch Worthington meter, which is by-passed as shown for repairs or emergencies. The cold supply pipe from the meter has independent branches to the 4-inch house distribution drum Z from 1-inch galvanized-iron pipes A A, etc., to supply the different upper stories; B to boiler, fire and elevator pumps; C to the barber shop; D to the basement fixtures; E to the roof storage tank, and K to the hot-water boiler, which contains an interior brass steam coil, whose action is automatically regulated by the operation of the pneumatic diaphragm M, which closes the attached steam valve as soon as the temperature of the water in the boiler reaches a fixed point (usually required to be 2000 Fahr.), and causes the thermostat (not here shown) to complete the electric circuit through wires N and actuates an electromagnet that admits pneumatic pressure to the diaphragm M. Hot water is distributed to the various lines H H, etc., from the 4-inch drum X. Each line is vented and has a 1-inch circulation pipe I returning to the 3-inch drum Y, which discharges continuously in to the boiler through 2-inch pipe J, whose outlet is connected by a Y (marked L) with the feed pipe K, so that the discharge of the latter may cause a suction promoting the return circulation. The drum Z is provided with two air chambars L L, 4 inches in diameter and filled with rubber balls, which are said to satisfactorily absorb the shocks of a water hammer in the risers.

HOT AND COLD-WATER SYSTEM IN A MILWAUKEE HOTEL.