The chief edge-tools used by the carpenter are:

1. Rip-saw and cross-cut, apple-wood or beech handles and steel blades.

2. Compass-saw.

3. Back-saw, a very thin blade stiffened by an iron or brass back. Also called tenon-saw.

4. Frame-saw.

5. Float, like a saw, but with wide teeth.

6. Chisel, with apple-wood or hickory handle, a bevel side, and a flat side or face.

7. Gouge, the face is the hollow side.

8. Jack-plane: a, stock; b, top; c, sole, in front the toe and behind the heel; d, handle; e, wedge, driven behind the throat; f, iron. There are three large planes used by carpenters: jack-plane, sixteen inches long, sometimes furnished with a single iron; fore-plane, twenty-two inches long; and jointer, twenty-six or more inches in length. 9. Plane-iron.

10. Cap. 11. Double iron, cap and iron united.

12. Wedge. 13. Smoothing-plane.

14. Rabbet-plane, of which there are several forms, some with irons the full width of the sole, some with a small side cutter, and some with stops. 15. Iron of rabbet-plane.

16,17. Show the shapes of paring match-planes.

18, 19. Shapes of match-plane irons.

20. Shape of the sole of a hollow.

21. Shape of a round. 22. Shape of a sash-plane.

23. Plow; recent form with iron stock and apple-wood handle; a, iron, secured by a thumb-screw; b, fence; c, stop for regulating depth of cut; d, handle. 24. One of the set of irons.

25. The sole with its iron, which when attached to the stock makes a fillister or rabbet-plane.

26. Scratch-plane for preparing wood before gluing.

27. Portion of the scratch-plane iron, showing its teeth, full size.

28. Brace, with head, handle, and bit-holder. 29. Twist-bit. 30. Center-bit. 31. Auger-bit. 32. Rose countersink. 33, 34. Half-round reamer. 35. Draw-knife.

36. Spoke-shave. 37. Screw-driver. 38. Claw-hammer.

39. Bench-ax. 40. Wooden mallet.

Besides which there are rasps, files, brad-awls, and many other tools for special purposes.

Plate B.