Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren, a German historian, born at Arbergen, near Bremen, Oct. 25, 1760, died in Gottingen, March 7, 1842. He studied at Bremen and at Gottingen under the guidance of Heyne, whose daughter he afterward married, and of Spittler, and was appointed professor of philosophy, and in 1801 of history, at Gottingen. He was for some time one of the editors of the Bibliothek der alien Literatur und Kunst, and after the death of J. G. Eichhorn in 1827 edited the Gottinger gelehrte Anzeigen. The subject of his lectures at the university was chiefly the history of Greek and Roman antiquities and of literature, and a principal merit of his numerous historical writings consists in an original elucidation of the commercial affairs and relations, as well as of the origin and political development, of the ancient states. Besides the edition of Me-nander's De Encomiis (1785), and the Eclogoe Physicoe et Ethicoe of Stobaeus (4 vols., 1792-1801), the following are his most important works: Ideen uber die Politik, den Verkehr und den Handel der vornehmsten Volker der alien Welt (2 vols., 1793-'6; 4th ed., 6 vols., 1824-'6; the part relating to Greece translated into English by George Bancroft, Boston, 1824); Geschichte des Studiums der classischen Literatur seit dem Wiederavfleben der Wissen-schaften (2 vols., 1797-1802; 7th ed., 1822); Handbuch der Geschiclite der Staaten des Al-terthums (1799: 5th ed., 1826; translated by Bancroft, Northampton, 1828); Geschiclite des europaischen Staatensystems und seiner Colonial (1809; 5th ed., 1830; translated by Bancroft, Northampton, 1829); De Fontibus et Auctoritate Vitarum Parallelarum Plutarchi (1820); all of which were published in Gottingen, where also a collection of his historical works appeared in 15 volumes (1821 - '6). Among his minor writings are sketches of Johannes von Muller, Spittler, and Heyne, a treatise on the influence of the Normans upon the French language and literature, and a dissertation on the crusades.

His "Ideas" were translated into English, and published at Oxford by Talboys, under the title of "Historical Researches." A uniform edition of his translated works, under the title of "Heeren's Historical Researches," has been published by Bohn (7 vols., London, 1846-'54).