Joseph Nicolas Robert-Fleury

Joseph Nicolas Robert-Fleury, a French painter, whose real name is Fleury, born in Cologne, Aug. 8, 1797. He studied under Ver-net and Gros, and. exhibited his first piece in 1824. Among his works are: "Tasso in the Convent of St. Onofrio," "An Incident of the St. Bartholomew Massacre," "The Last Moments of Montaigne," "The Entrance of Clo-vis into Tours," and "Jane Shore." One of his finest productions, " Charles V. at the Monastery of San Yuste," was again exhibited in 1867. He has been professor, and for five years director, of the school of fine arts in Paris, and in 1865-'6 of the French academy in Rome. His son Tony is a historical painter.

Joseph Philippe Lockroy

Joseph Philippe Lockroy, a French dramatist, whose real name is Simon, born of French parents in Turin, Feb. 17, 1803. He was one of the best actors of the Comedie Francaise, but left the stage in 1840 to write for it, in conjunction with Scribe, Anicet-Bourgeois, and other authors. Among his most successful plays are Passe minuit, Les trois epiciers, Le chevalier du guet, and Chariot et le maitre d'ecole. With Alexandre Dumas the elder he wrote Conscience, a drama (1854). He also wrote the librettos for La reine Topaze (1856), Ondine (1863), and other operas. - His son Edouard, born in 1840, has become known as a radical politician and journalist. He was under arrest for a time in 1871 as a participant in the insurrection of the commune, although he had striven to prevent bloodshed; and in April, 1873, he was elected to the assembly by the department of Bouches-du-Rhone.

Joseph Rene Bellot

Joseph Rene Bellot, a French naval officer, born in Paris in March, 1826, lost off Cape Bowden, Aug. 18, 1853. He was a midshipman in the siege of Vera Cruz in 1838, and a lieutenant in 1851, and in 1852 obtained permission to serve as a volunteer in the English expedition sent out in search of Sir John Franklin, and commanded by Captain Belcher. On one occasion he offered to carry despatches by a journey over the ice. Being overtaken by a storm, the ice on which he was, with two of his companions, was severed from the land. He went to the other side of a hummock to reconnoitre, and was never seen again. His own diary, which was published in 1855, furnishes the best narrative of his adventures.

Joseph Salvador

Joseph Salvador, a French historian of Spanish-Jewish extraction, born in Montpel-lier in 1796. He studied medicine, but did not practise. His principal works are: Loi de Moïse, ou Système religieux et politique des Hébreux (1822), a prelude to the Histoire des institutions de Moïse et du peuple hébreu (3 vols., 1828); Jésus-Christ et sa doctrine (2 vols., 1838); Histoire de la domination ro-maine en Judée et de la ruine de Jérusalem (2 vols., 1846); and Paris, Rome, Jérusalem, ou la question religieuse au XIXe siècle (2 vols., 1859).

Joseph Sauveur

Joseph Sauveur, a French mathematician, born at La Flèche, March 24, 1653, died in Paris, July 9, 1716. He was mute until the age of seven, and his voice and hearing long remained imperfect, yet he made a new science of musical acoustics. He gained an introduction at court through Prince Eugene, and in 1686 became professor of mathematics at the collége de France. He determined the number of vibrations corresponding to each determinate sound, whether of an organ pipe or of a sonorous chord. His discoveries are described in numerous papers in the Mémoires of the academy of sciences.