Karl Friedrieh August Kahinis

Karl Friedrieh August Kahinis, a German theologian, horn in Greitz, Dec. 22, 1814. He studied at Halle, graduated in Berlin, and became professor in Breslau, and in 1850 in Leip-sic. He was regarded as a leader of the orthodox Lutherans until the publication of his Lutherische Dogmatik (2 vols., Leipsic, 1861-'4), which placed him in antagonism with the views of Hengstenberg and other orthodox theologians, and in nearer relation with the Reformed church. His works are numerous.

Karl Friedrkh Bartsch

Karl Friedrkh Bartsch, a German philologist, born at Sprottau, Feb. 25, 1832. He graduated at Halle in 1853, was director of the library of the German museum at Nuremberg 1855-7, and professor at Rostock 1858-71, when he succeeded Holtzmann in Heidelberg. He has written much on ancient German and French literature, and translated Burns into German (1865). Among his principal works are his critical edition of the Nibelungcnlied (Leipsic, 1870) and his Grundriss zvr Geschichte der Prorenzalischen Literatur (1872). He has edited the Germania since 1869.

Karl Gcorg Friedrich Rudolph Leuckart

Karl Gcorg Friedrich Rudolph Leuckart, a German zoologist, born in Helmstedt, Oct. 7, 1823. He graduated at Gottingen in 1845, and in 1850 became professor of zoology, and in 1855 also of comparative anatomy, at Giessen. He is especially distinguished as a helminthol-ogist. His principal works are: Die Blasen-bandwurmer und ihre Entwickelung (Giessen, 1856); Untersuchungen uber Trichina spiralis (Leipsic, 1861); and Die Parasiten des Men-schen und die von denselben herrahrenden Krankheiten (2 vols., Leipsic, 1863-6).

Karl Georg Adolf Hasenpflug

Karl Georg Adolf Hasenpflug, a German painter, born in Berlin, Sept. 23, 1802, died April 13, 1858. He was the son of a shoemaker, and learned his father's trade, but obtained admission to the studio of the decorative painter Gropius, where he attracted the notice of King Frederick William III. He executed paintings of the cathedrals of Halberstadt, Magdeburg, Erfurt, Bamberg, and several others; and in 1830 he was placed in charge of the restoration of the Magdeburg cathedral. In 1835 he took up his residence in Cologne, to make a special study of the cathedral, which he represented from without and within in two large paintings. In his many representations of German mediaeval architecture he brought into view the picturesque side of that art. His paintings have been carried to Belgium, England, and America.

Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider

Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider, a German theologian, born at Gersdorf, Feb. 11, 1776, died in Gotha, Jan. 22, 1848. He became general superintendent at Gotha in 1816, and was appointed superior councillor of the consistory in 1840. His religious works are very numerous. Among the most important are: Systematische Entwickelung aller in der Dog-rnatik vorkommenden Begriffe (1805; 4th ed., 1841), and Handbuch der Dogmatik der evan-gelisch-lutherischen Kirche (1814-'18; 4th ed., 1838). He commenced, under the title of Corpus Reformatorum, a collection of the writings of the German reformers, which was continued after his death by Bindseil (28 vols., 1834-60). He also wrote religious novels: Heinrich und Antonio (1826), Der Freiherr von Sandau (1829), and Clementine (1841). His autobiography was published in 1852.