Karl Sand

Karl Sand, a German political fanatic, born at Wunsiedel, in Franconia, Oct. 5, 1795, executed near Mannheim, May 20, 1820. After Studying theology at the universities of Tubingen and Erlangen, he went in 1817 to that of Jena, where he joined the Teutonic society, a precursor of the Burschenschaften. He was an enthusiast in the cause of liberty, and conceived it to be his duty to destroy Kotzebue, whose writings and connection with the Russian court had made him especially obnoxious to the German patriots. Having delivered a letter to him at his residence in Mannheim, March 23, 1819, while he was reading it Sand struck him thrice with a dagger, then went into the street, and kneeling down cried, "Long live my German fatherland," and stabbed himself. His wound was not mortal, and on May 5, 1820, he was condemned to death.

Karl Schnaase

Karl Schnaase, a German author, born in Dautzic, Sept. 7, 1798, died in Wiesbaden, May 21, 1875. He studied law, and held judicial offices in various localities from 1819 to 1857. In 1858 he established the periodical Das christ-liche Kunstblatt, and edited it with Grüneisen in Stuttgart and Schnorr von Karolsfeld in Dresden. After spending several years in Rome, he settled in 1867 in Wiesbaden. His principal works are: Niederländische Briefe (Stuttgart, 1834), and Geschichte der bildenden Künste (7 vols., Düsseldorf, 1843-'64; 2d ed. by Lützow and Friedrichs, 1866 et seq.).

Karl Sigismund Kunth

Karl Sigismund Kunth, a German botanist, born in Leipsic, June 18, 1788, died in Berlin, March 22, 1850. Alexander von Humboldt enabled him to study in Berlin, and he joined him in Paris in 1813 to continue, after Will-denow's death, the editing of Humboldt and Bonpland's botanical collection. He returned to Berlin in 1819, and became professor of botany and vice director of the botanical garden. His works include Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (7 vols., Paris, 1815-'25), and Enumeratio Plantarum omnium hucusque cognitarum (5 vols., Stuttgart, 1833-'50); and he continued Bonpland's monographs of me-lastomoe and equinoctial plants, altogether including 6,000 specimens.

Karl Spindler

Karl Spindler, a German novelist, born in Breslau, Oct. 16, 1796, died at Freiersbach, Baden, July 12, 1855. He was educated at Strasburg, joined in Germany a company of strolling players, and resided from 1832 at Baden-Baden. His reputation rests on his historical romances, Der Bastard (3 vols., Zurich, 1826), Der Jude (4 vols., Stuttgart, 1827), Der Jesuit (3 vols., 1829), and Der Invalide (5 vols., 1831). His complete works include 102 volumes (1831-54), besides minor novels contained in his periodical publication Yergiss-meinniclit (1830-'55).

Karl Tausig

Karl Tausig, a German pianist, born near Warsaw, Nov. 4, 1841, died in Leipsic, July 17, 1871. He studied under his father and Liszt, after whom he ranked as the first pianist in Europe. In 1861-'2 he brought out at Vienna works of Liszt, Wagner, and Berlioz in such a manner as to gain for himself a great reputation as an orchestral director. In 1805 he went to Berlin and was made court pianist, and became the head of the institution for piano virtuosos. He played without notes nearly every great composition from the time of Bach to Liszt.