Karoline Von Gunderode

Karoline Von Gunderode, a German poetess, born in Carlsruhe, Feb. 11, 1780, committed suicide July 26, 1806. She became canoness of a chapter in Frankfort, and under the name of "Tian" wrote a number of poems remarkable for passionate feeling. She formed an attachment for the philologist Creuzer, which terminated unhappily, and led to her suicide. She was intimate with Bettina von Arnim, who published their correspondence under the title of Die Gunderode (2 vols., Grunberg, 1840; translated by Margaret Fuller, Boston, 1842). Her literary remains consist of Gedichte und Phantasien (Hamburg, 1804), Poetische Frag-mente (Frankfort, 1805), and Gesammelte Dich-tungen (Mannheim, 1857).

Karoline Von Pichler

Karoline Von Pichler, a German novelist, born in Vienna, Sept. 7, 1769, died there, July 9, 1843. She was a daughter of the councillor Von Greiner, and in 1796 married Andreas von Pichler. Her complete works comprise 60 volumes (Vienna, 1820-45), besides her Denkwurdigkeiten aus meinem Leben (4 vols., 1844). Her novels had a wide circulation, especially Agathokles and Frauenwilrde (1808). Her best known dramas were Oermanicus and Heinrich von Hohenstaufen (1813).

Karoline Von Von Lengefeld (Wolzogen)

Karoline Von Von Lengefeld (Wolzogen), a German authoress, born in Budolstadt, Feb. 3, 1763, died in Jena, Jan. 14,1847. When scarcely 16 years old she married the privy councillor Von Beulwitz, but was soon separated from him, and in 1796 married the chancellor of the court of Weimar, Baron Wilhelm von Wolzogen. Her brothers had been Schiller's fellow pupils, and he became a guest of the family at Bauerbach, and subsequently married her sister Charlotte. Her first anonymous work, Agnes von Lilien (2 vols., Berlin, 1798), was thought to be the production of Goethe. Her other works include Erzählungen (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1826-'7); Schiller's Leben (2 vols., 1830; new eds., 1845 and 1851); Cordelia (2 vols., Leipsic, 1840; 2d ed., 1845); and Literarischer Nachlass (2 vols, 1848-'9; 2d ed., 1867).

Karsch

Karsch (improperly Karschin), Anna Luise, a German poetess, born Dec. 1, 1722, died in Berlin, Oct. 12, 1791. She was a servant, showed talent for improvisation which attracted notice, and her poverty was relieved by the sale of her select poems (1764). Frederick William II. presented her with a small house in Berlin. She was called the German Sappho. She was divorced from her first husband, who had ill-treated her. By the second, Karsch, an intemperate tailor and spendthrift, she had a daughter (K. L. von Klenke, died in 1812), who became known in literature, as did also her granddaughter (died in 1856), the wife of the French orientalist Chezy.

Kas Bin

See Casbin.

Kasan

See Kazan.

Kashan

Kashan, a city of Persia, in the province of Irak-Ajemi, about 90 m. N. by W. of Ispahan, on the route to Teheran; pop., according to Mounsey (1866), about 15,000. It stands in the midst of a barren but stoneless plain near the western extremity of the Great Salt desert. It is said to have been founded by Zobeidah, the favorite sultana of Haroun al-Rashid. Mosques and public baths are the chief buildings, though none of these are especially beautiful or noteworthy. The principal manufactures are silk brocades and copper kettles and pans. The town has an unpleasant reputation throughout western Persia for its scorpions, by which its houses are everywhere infested. Four miles W. of Kashan, at the foot of some mountains which here project into the plain, is a beautiful palace surrounded by gardens, which has been at various times a place of retirement for Persian officials.