Louis Francois Bouflers

Louis Francois Bouflers, marquis, afterward duke de, a French soldier, known as the chevalier de Bouflers, born Jan. 10, 1644, died at Fontainebleau, Aug. 22,1711. He distinguished himself during the retreat of the French army before Montecuculi in 1675, and was created marshal in 1693. In 1708 he successfully withstood a siege in Lille for three months. At Malplaquet (1709) he served as a volunteer under his junior, Marshal Villars. When the latter was wounded, Bouflers was constrained to retreat; but he succeeded in saving all the guns, and left only 30 prisoners in the hands of the enemy.

Louis Francois Roubiliac

Louis Francois Roubiliac, a French sculptor, born in Lyons about 1695, died in London, Jan. 11, 1762. After completing his studies at the academy in Paris, he settled in England, where he was patronized by the Walpole family. His works include monuments of the duke of Argyll and Handel in Westminster abbey, a statue of Shakespeare for Garrick, who bequeathed it to the British museum, and one of Newton at Trinity college, Cambridge.

Louis Georges Jullien

Louis Georges Jullien, a French composer, born at Sisteron, Basses-Alpes, April 23, 1812, died in Paris, April 16, 1860. At six years of age he was a skilful performer on the violin, and about 1830 gained admittance as a pupil into the conservatoire at Paris, where he was instructed by Cherubini. In 1839 he went to England, and for a number of years directed promenade concerts in London with great success. In 1853 he produced at Covent Garden theatre an opera entitled Pietro il Grande; and in the same year, accompanied by a large orchestra, he visited the United States, in the chief cities of which he gave concerts. His subsequent career was less prosperous, and he died in a charitable institution.

Louis Godefroy Jadin

Louis Godefroy Jadin, a French painter, born in Paris in 1805. He first produced genre and historical pictures, but his reputation rests on his hunting pieces. His numerous representations of packs of hounds are celebrated.

Louis Guggenbuhl

Louis Guggenbuhl, a Swiss philanthropist, | born in Zurich in 1816, died Feb. 2,1863. He took his medical degree in 1836, and then spent three years in the study of cretinism at Seruf in the canton of Glarus. In 1841 he opened a retreat for cretins at Abendberg, above Interlaken. In 1842 he encountered some opposition from the government in consequence of having substituted Protestants for the sisters of mercy who had been originally employed, but afterward had great success, and showed that the condition of many of the cretins is susceptible of improvement. The institution established by him was abandoned after his death. He published a treatise (Basel, 1851) and various pamphlets on cretinism.

Louis Gustave Vapereaii

Louis Gustave Vapereaii, a French author, born in Orleans, April 4, 1819. He studied at the normal school, and in 1842 was secretary to Victor Cousin, whom he assisted in his work Pensees de Pascal. From 1843 to 1852 he was professor of philosophy in the college at Tours, being half of the time also professor of German. In 1852, when restrictions were imposed upon philosophical instruction in colleges, he settled in Paris as a private teacher and as a writer. In 1854 he was admitted to the bar, and became the chief editor of the Dictionnaire universel des contemporains, editions of which appeared in 1858, 1861, 1865, and 1S70, the last in 1888 double-column pages (supplement, 1873).