Paolo Mascagm

Paolo Mascagm, an Italian anatomist, born at Castelleto, near Siena, in 1752, died in Florence, Oct, 19, 1815. He became professor of anatomy at the university of Siena in 1774, and in 1784 obtained a prize from the French academy of sciences. In 1787 appeared his most important work, Vasorvm Lymphatico-rum Corporis Humani Historia et Iconogra-pMa. From 1801 till his death he was professor of anatomy, physiology, and chemistry in the hospital of Santa Maria at Florence. He left Anatomia per uso degli studiosi di scultura epittura (Florence, 1816), and Anatomia uni-versa, with illustrations (Pisa, 1823-'31).

Paolo Segneri

Paolo Segneri, an Italian orator, born at Nettuno in the Roman Campagna, March 21, 1624, died in Rome, Dec. 9, 1694. He early joined the order of Jesus, and labored as a missionary in Italy from 1665 to 1692, when he was appointed by Innocent XII. preacher to the papal court. His principal works are: a course of Lenten sermons entitled Il Quare-simale (fol., Florence, 1679; 4to, Rome, 1752; 3 vols. 8vo, Padua, 1826); Il Cristiano istruito (3 vols. 4to, Florence, 1686; French translation, 5 vols., Avignon, 1836); Il incredulo 8enza scusa (Florence, 1690); Panegirici sagri (Venice, 1692); and Prediche dette nel palazzo apostolico (4to, Rome, 1694). Complete editions were published at Venice (4 vols. 4to, 1712, 1758), Parma (3 vols. fol., 1714, with a life by Maffei), and Milan (3 vols. 8vo, 1837-'8).

Paolo Toschi

Paolo Toschi, an Italian engraver, born in Parma about 1788, died there in 1854. Ik-studied in Paris, returning in 1819 to Parma as director of the academy of fine arts. He was the first to engrave Correggio's frescoes, of which he completed 22 plates with the and of his pupils, who continued the work after his death; the whole number is to be 48, and 18 additional had been finished in 1874.

Paolo Veronese

See Cagliari, Paolo.

Papacy

See Pope, and Papal States.

Papenbcrg

Papenbcrg, a town of Prussia, in the province of Hanover, near the right bank of the Ems, with which it is connected by canals, 23 m. S. E. of Emden; pop. in 1871, 6,077. It is situated in the midst of a moorland, and is neatly built in the Dutch style. It is the seat of an active commerce, and, after Emden, the chief port in the province, its shipping embracing about 200 sea-going vessels. It contains a school of navigation, numerous ship yards, and manufactories of sails, chains and anchors, lime and tobacco. The principal export is oak.

Paper Nautilus

See Nautilus.

Paphos

Paphos, the name of two ancient towns in the S. W. part of Cyprus, one of which was called Old Paphos, the other New Paphos, the former being the one usually denoted by the poets, the latter by the prose writers. Old Paphos, the seat of the worship of Venus, and reputed the place where she landed after having risen out of the sea, was about 1 1/4 m. from the shore, and owes its legendary foundation to Cinyras, the father of Adonis. Here her worship was early established, and the huge foundations of the temple are still visible. New Paphos, the modern Baffa, was between 7 and 8 m. N". W. of the old city, and was said to have been founded by Agapenor, chief of the Arcadians at the siege of Troy. It was also remarkable for the worship paid to Venus. This place is mentioned in the Acts in the account of St. Paul and Elymas the sorcerer.