Richard Parkes Bonington

Richard Parkes Bonington, an English painter, born at Arnold, near Nottingham, Oct. 25, 1801, died in London, Sept. 23, 1828. He was the son of an artist, and was educated in Paris. Having achieved some reputation there he went to Venice, where he made many sketches, and in 1828 returned to England. He painted chiefly in water colors, reviving the taste for them in France, after they had been neglected for 20 years. His best productions are marine views and representations of coast scenery.

Richard Plantagenet

Richard Plantagenet, earl of Cornwall, a German emperor (known in English history as king of the Romans), born in Winchester in January, 1209, died April 2, 1272. He was the younger son of King John of England, was engaged with his brother Henry III. in his French wars, and fought with the crusaders in Palestine. He availed himself of the distracted state of Germany, which followed the death of Conrad IV., to put himself forward as a candidate for the imperial throne, and his immense wealth secured him a partial election (1256), while the adverse party chose Alfonso of Castile. Richard was crowned at Aix-la-Chapelle in May, 1257, but achieved no general recognition. He took part in the troubles of England, and was made prisoner by Simon de Montfort at the battle of Lewes, May 13, 1264. He finally quitted Germany in 1269. The tin mines of Cornwall made him the richest prince in Christendom.

Richard Pococre

Richard Pococre, an English traveller, born in Southampton in 1704, died in Meath in September, 1765. He graduated at Oxford in 1731, began his travels in the East in 1737, and after his return in 1742 published "A Description of the East and some other Countries " (1743-'5), in 2 vols, fol., with 178 plates: vol. i., " Observations on Egypt;" vol. ii., part i., " Observations on Palestine, or the Holy Land, Syria, Mesopotamia, Cyprus, and Can-dia;" part ii., "Observations on the Islands of the Archipelago, Asia Minor, Thrace, Greece, and some other Parts of Europe," The whole work was inserted, without the plates, in Pin-kerton's "Voyages and Travels," vols. x. and xv. In 1745 he was made archdeacon of Dublin, in 1756 bishop of Ossory, and in 1765 bishop of Meath.

Richard Qiiillar Couch

Richard Qiiillar Couch, an English scientist, born at Polperro, Cornwall, March 14, 1816, died in Penzance, May 8, 1863. He was a surgeon in Penzance, added a third part, on the zoophytes and calcareous corallines of the Cornish coast, to his father's work on the Cornish fauna, and contributed extensively to periodical publications, relating to physiology and geology. His papers on the diseases and mortality of miners, published by the polytechnic society of Cornwall, have been translated into French.

Richard Redgrave

Richard Redgrave, an English painter, born in London, April 30, 1804. He studied at the royal academy, and in 1837 exhibited his first successful work, representing " Gulliver on the Farmer's Table." His subsequent genre pictures delineate the sufferings of the poor, and at a later period he painted landscapes. His most celebrated pieces are " Country Cousins," "Cinderella," "Ophelia," "The Governess," and " Bolton Abbey." He was elected to the royal academy in 1857, and holds (1875) the offices of inspector general of art schools, for which he has prepared a system and course of instruction, and surveyor of crown pictures. He has published "An Elementary Manual of Colors" (London, 1863), and in conjunction with his brother, Samuel Redgrave, "A Century of Painters of the English School" (1866). The latter has also published "A Dictionary of Artists of the English School" (1874).