Theodor Kotschy

Theodor Kotschy, a German botanist, born at Ustron, Austrian Silesia, in 1813, died in 1866. He accompanied Russegger to Africa, and subsequently explored Asia Minor, and made another journey to Egypt and Persia; and he was the first to give a complete account of the flora of the Nile. He edited the botanical department of Russegger's description of his travels (7 vols., Stuttgart, 1841-50), and among his numerous other botanical works are Die Eichen Europas und des Ostens (Olmiitz, 1858-'62), and the posthumous Plantce Tin-neanm, a description of Miss Tinne's collection on the Upper Nile.

Theodor Lndwig August Pixis

Theodor Lndwig August Pixis, a German painter, born in Kaiserslautern, July 1, 1831. He studied in Munich, and exhibited in 1855 " Co-riolanus and his Mother" and "Frederick II. of Hohenstaufen and Peter de Vineis," and in 1856 "Huss taking leave of his Friends at Constance." Subsequently he spent several years in Italy, and from 1858 to 1863 he executed frescoes illustrative of the history of Charles X. and XI. of Sweden, for the Bavarian national museum. The most celebrated of his later cartoons illustrate early and modern German poetry. He has also produced a fine picture of Calvin's last conversation with Servetus in his prison at Geneva.

Theodor Mugge

Theodor Mugge, a German author, born in Berlin, Nov. 8, 1806, died there, Feb. 18, 1861. He abandoned commercial life to enlist in the army, and was about to join Bolivar in Peru when the news of the expulsion of the Spaniards reached him in London. He then studied in the university of Berlin, published Bil-dev aus dem Leben (1829), and after losing by his political pamphlets in 1830 all chance of receiving a public office, he began to publish tales, novels, and narratives of travel. A complete edition of his works appeared in 33 volumes in 1862-'7. The most notable are: Tons-saint Louverture (1840); Lie Schweiz (1847; English translation by Mrs. Percy Sinnet, London, 1848); and his novels delineating Scandinavian life, Afraja (1854; English translation by Edward Joy Morris, Philadelphia, 1854; French, Paris, 1857), Erich Randal (1857), and Leben und Lieben in Norwegen (1858).

Theodor Noldeke

Theodor Noldeke, a German orientalist, born in Harburg, March 2, 1836, died in January, 1875. He graduated at Gottingen in 1861, and was professor at Kiel from 1864 to 1872, when he was transferred to Strasburg. His principal works are: Geschkhte des Korans (Gottingen, 1860); Das When Mohammeds (Hanover, 1863); Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Poesie der alten Araoer (1864); Die altfesta-mentlicJie Literatur (Leipsic, 1868); Gram-matik der neusyrischen Sprache (1868); Tin-tersvchungen zur Entile des Alten Testaments (Kiel, 1869); and Die Inschrift des Königs Mesa von Moab (1870).

Theodor Waitz

Theodor Waitz, a German author, born in Gotha, March 17, 1821, died in Marburg, May 21, 1864. He graduated at Marburg, where he was professor of philosophy from 1848 till his death. His works include a new and critical edition of Aristotle's Organon (2 vols., Leipsic, 1844-'6); Grundlegung der Psychologie (Hamburg and Gotha, 1846); Die Anthropologic der Naturvölher (6 vols., Leipsic, 1860-'70; the last two edited by Gerland); and Die Indianer Nordamerikas (1864).