Theodore Claude Henri Hersart De La Villemarque

Theodore Claude Henri Hersart De La Villemarque, viscount, a French philologist, born at Quim-perle, Brittany, July 6, 1815. He has published Barzas-Breiz (2 vols., 1839; enlarged ed., 2 vols., 1840), containing popular Breton songs with a French text; Contes populaires des an-cien Bretons (2 vols., 1842); and other works relating to the language and literature of the ancient Bretons, including an edition of Le Gonidec's French-Breton dictionary (2 vols., St. Brieuc, 1857). Tom Taylor has translated some of his Breton songs and ballads into English (London, 1865). A new edition of his La legende celtique en Irlande, en Cambrie et en Bretagne, suivie de textes rares ou inedits, appeared in Paris in 1864; and in 1865 Le grand mystere de Jesus, a mediaeval Breton drama, with an essay on the ancient Celtic stage.

Theodore Cogniard

Theodore Cogniard, a French playwright, born April 30, 1806, died in Paris, May 25, 1872. With his surviving brother, Hippolyte (born Nov. 20, 1807), he wrote hundreds of vaudevilles and fairy plays, many of which had a great run, especially La biche aux bois. He brought into vogue the opera bouffe. Offenbach's Belle-Relene, Barbe-bleue, Grande Duchesse, and Perichole were first performed under his sole direction at the Varices theatre, his brother Hippolyte having retired in 1869.

Theodore Juste

Theodore Juste, a Belgian historian, born in Brussels in 1818. He is secretary of the Belgian board of education, and member of many learned societies. His principal works are: Histoire elementaire et populaire de la Belgique (Brussels, 1838; 3d and enlarged ed., 1848); Histoire de la revolution beige de 1790 (3 vols. 12mo, 1846); Precis de l'histoire du moyen age (5 vols. 12mo, 1848); Les Pays-Bas sous Philippe II. (2 vols. 8vo, 1855); Charles-Quint et Marguerite d'Autriche (8vo, 1858); Les Pays-Bas au XVIe siecle (2 parts, 1858-'63); Histoire du soulevement des Pays-Bas contre la domination espagnole (1862-'3); Histoire des Etats generaux des Pays-Bas (2 vols. 8vo, 1864); Les fondateurs de la monarchic beige (1865 and 1871); Le soulevement de la Hollande en 1813, et la fondation du royaume des Pays-Bas (1869); and Notes historiques et biogra-phiques (1871).

Theodore Marie Pavie

Theodore Marie Pavie, a French orientalist, born in Angers, Aug. 16, 1811. He early travelled in the TJnited States, South America, the East Indies, and China, and from 1853 to 1857 he was professor of Sanskrit at the college de France. He has written extensively for the Revue des Deux Mondes, the Bulletin of the geographical society, and the Journal asiatique. His works include Voyage aux Etats-Unis et au Canada (2 vols., 1828-'33); Le San-Koue-tchi, a history of the three kingdoms into which China was divided in the 13th century (2 vols., 1845-51), and other Chinese and Sanskrit editions and translations; and many narratives of travel.

Theodore Olivier

Theodore Olivier, a French mathematician, born in Lyons before 1800, died there in 1853. He was educated at the polytechnic school in Paris, and became a teacher there. In 1830 he was appointed professor of descriptive geometry in the conservatoire des arts et metiers. His principal works are: Theorie geometriqve des engrenages(Paris, 1842); Developpemcntsde geomhric descriptive (1843); Cours de geome-trie descriptive (3 vols. 4to, 1845; 2d ed., 2 vols. 4to, 1855); Complements de geometric descriptive (1845); and Memoires de geometric descriptive (1851). He is ranked as one of the ablest writers on descriptive geometry and its applications.