Francois Vincent Raspail, a French naturalist and revolutionist, born in Carpentras, Jan. 29, 1794. He studied at the seminary of Avignon, settled in Paris in 1815 as a scientific writer, and was in 1830 wounded during the revolution. He was subsequently a journalist, spending many years in prison on account of his revolutionary writings. He led the populace in 1848 to proclaim the republic, and was afterward again imprisoned till 1854, although elected in 1849 to the national assembly. In the interval he had also been imprisoned for illegal practice of medicine. He had sold camphor in the form of cigarettes as the best remedy against internal and external parasites, and written much on the subject. In 1869 he was elected to the legislative body, and joined Rochefort in editing the Marseillaise. In 1870-'71 he was identified with the commune movement. His principal works are: Nouveau système de chimie organique (new ed., 3 vols., 1838); Nouveau système de physiologie vègè-tale, etc. (2 vols., 1837); Histoire naturelle des ammonites et des térébratules (3 vols., 1842; new ed., 1866); Histoire naturelle de la santé et de la maladie (3 vols., 1839-'43; 3d ed., enlarged, 1857); Manuel de la santé (annual, 1846-'65); and Nouvelles études scientifiques et philologiques (1865).