Friedrich Angnst Gotttreu Tholuck, a German theologian, born in Breslau, March 30, 1799. He completed his education at the university of Berlin, and was thoroughly converted from his skeptical tendencies under the influence of Schleiermacher and Neander, and more especially through Baron von Kottwitz, a member of the Moravian brotherhood. In 1824 he became professor of oriental literature at Berlin, and in 1826 was transferred to Halle, where he has labored ever since, except in 1828-'9, when he was chaplain to the Prussian embassy at Rome. He at first suffered persecution from the prevailing rationalism of his colleagues, but succeeded in effecting a radical change, the whole theological faculty of Halle becoming decidedly evangelical. His numerous works include Wahre Weihe des Zweiflers (1824; 8th ed. published in 1867 under the title Die Lehre vom Sunder and vom Versohner; translated into English by Ryland, with an introduction by John Pye Smith, "Guido and Julius, the Doctrine of Sin and the Propitiator," republished in Boston, 1856); Bluten-sammlung aus der morgenlilndischen Mystih (1825), a collection of translations from the mystic poets of the East; commentaries on the Epistle to the Romans (1824, twice translated into English), the first exegetical fruit of the new evangelical theology; the Gospel of John (1827; translated into English by Kauf-mann, 1836, and by Dr. 0. P. Krauth, Philadelphia, 1859), less thorough but better adapted for students than his other commentaries; the sermon on the mount (1833; translated into English by R. L. Brown, Edinburgh, 1860), his most elaborate and valuable exegetical production; the Epistle to the Hebrews (1836); and the Psalms (1843; translated into English, Philadelphia, 1859); Die Glaubwurdigkeit der evangelischen Geschichte (1837), a vindication of the Gospels against the mythical theory of Strauss; Stunden der Andacht (2 vols., 1840; 7th ed., 1867), containing several original hymns; Vorgeschichte des Rationalism us (4 vols., Halle, 1853-'62); Predigten liber die Hauptstilche des cliristlichen Glaubens und Le-bens (5 vols., 3d ed., Gotha, 1863-4); and Ge-schichte des Rationalismus (parti., Berlin, 1865). His complete works are in 11 vols. (1863-'72).