Henry Edward Manning, an English Roman Catholic archbishop, born at Totteridge, Hertfordshire, July 15, 1808. He was educated as a member of the Anglican church at Harrow and Balliol college, Oxford, graduated in 1830, and was chosen fellow of Merton college and one of the select preachers in the university. In 1834 he was appointed rector of Laving-ton and Graff ham in Sussex, and in 1840 archdeacon of Chichester. In 1842 he published his first work, on the "Unity of the Church," which classed him among the Pusey-ites. Two volumes of sermons published respectively in 1842 and 1846 attracted much attention. He also published three series of " Sermons preached before the University of Oxford" (1844, 1848, and 1850). The Gor-ham decision, leaving the doctrine of the effect of baptism an open question in the church of England, called forth a declaration from him, and other well known clergymen and laymen of the establishment, that, unless that decision was formally repudiated, it would be of binding force upon the English church. They strove to free that which they conceived to be the church of Christ from submission to a doctrinal decision given by the crown. Their attempt, however, was without result, and, with the exception of one or two protests, the action of the court was acquiesced in.

Dr. Manning consequently gave up his preferments in 1851, and was received into the Roman Catholic church. He then went to Rome, where he remained till 1854. In 1857 he was ordained priest by Cardinal Wiseman, and appointed rector of St. Helen and St. Mary's, Bayswater, where he established a house of (Ablates of St. Charles Borromeo, an association of secular missionary priests founded in the 16th century. About the same time the degree of 1). D. was conferred on him by Pius IX., with the office of provost of the Roman Catholic diocese of Westminster and the rank of prothonotary apostolic. On the death of Cardinal Wiseman, Dr. Manning was nominated by the pope archbishop of Westminster, and consecrated June 8,1865. He immediately set about promoting temperance, benevolent guilds, and elementary education among the poor ('ath-olics of London, and purchased a site for a cathedral which was to be a memorial to Cardinal Wiseman, but declared that not one stone of this edifice should be laid till every poor child in his flock was provided with a Catholic free school. In 1871 he conceived the project of a Roman Catholic university, appealed to the public, created a fund, and organized a senate and a corps of professors.

The institution was opened in Kensington Oct. 15, 1874. On July 2,1869, he dedicated the pro-cathedral of Our Lady of Victories, Newland terrace, Kensington. At this time a controversy arose between Archbishop Manning and Bishop I)u-panloup concerning the opportuneness of urging a definition of the doctrine of papal infallibility. The archbishop before departing for the oecumenical council addressed a pastoral letter to his flock on the question of infallibility, which, with two others on the manner in which the deliberations of the council were conducted, and in elucidation of the defined dogma, was published, with the title of Petri Prhilegium (London, 1871). In 1868 he addressed to Earl de Grey a remarkable letter on Ireland, in which he sets forth the mischief of English misrule in that country, and pleads strongly for justice. Since then he has been prominent in encouraging the "Home Rule " movement, and has taken an active part in denouncing the course pursued in Germany and Switzerland toward the Roman Catholic church.

The principal works of Archbishop Manning, besides those mentioned, are the following: "The Temporal Mission of the Holy Ghost "(London, 1865); " The Temporal Power of the Pope in its Political Aspect" (1866); "England and Christendom" (1867); "The Fourfold Sovereignty of God" (1871);and "Sermons on Ecclesiastical Subjects" (1872).