Jozef Ignacy Kraszewski, a Polish author, of Lithuanian origin, born in Warsaw in 1812. He studied at the university of Wilna, and was under arrest from 1831 to 1834 on account of his revolutionary sympathies. In 1837 he married a daughter of the archbishop and author Woronicz, and settled in Volhynia, where he was honorary curator of schools from 1853 to 1858, when he went abroad. In 1860 he established himself in Warsaw as editor of the Gazeta polska, and in 1863 he removed to Dresden, where he subsequently delivered lectures. He edited the "Polish Athenasum," a literary periodical (18 vols., 1842-'8), and his Studya literackie ("Literary Essays," 1842), and Nowe studya literac-kie (2 vols., 1843), throw much light on letters and science. His principal historical works are Wilno (4 vols., 1840-'42), and Litwa (2 vols., 1847-'50), relating to Lithuanian manners and social life. Conspicuous among his poetical writings is Anafielas (3 vols., 1840-'43), taking its theme from the most impressive events in the early history of Lithuania. He has also published books of travel, miscellaneous writings, and sketches of the insurrection of 1863. His complete works comprise more than 300 volumes, including many novels and stories descriptive of Polish life, which are his most popular productions.