This section is from the book "Manual Of Useful Information", by J. C Thomas. Also available from Amazon: Manual of useful Information.
Take 2 gallons of cold water and 1 quart of wheat flour, rub out all the lumps, then add one-fourth pound of finely pulverized alum and boil the mixture for 10 minutes, or until a thick consistency is reached. Now add 1 quart of hot water and boil again until the paste becomes a pale brown color, and thick. The paste should be well stirred during both processes of cooking. Paste thus made will keep sweet for two weeks and prove very adhesive.
An easy and sure way to remove smoke stains from common plain ceilings is to mix wood ashes with the whitewash just before applying, A pint of ashes to a small pail of whitewash is sufficient, but a little more or less will do no harm.
Take an ounce of pipeclay, which has been ground fine, mix it with twelve drops of alcohol and the same quantity of spirits of turpentine. Whenever you wish to remove any stains from cloth, moisten a little of this mixture with alcohol and rub it on the spots. Let it remain till dry, then rub it off with a woolen cloth, and the spots will disappear.
Moisten the cloth and hold it over a piece of sulphur, then wash thoroughly, or else the spots may reappear.
Take 3 ounces of spirits of turpentine, and 1 ounce of essence of lemon, mix well, and apply it as you would any other scouring drops. It will take out all the grease.
Iron Stains may be removed by the salt of lemons. Many stains may be removed by dipping the linen in sour buttermilk, and then drying it in a hot sun; wash it in cold water, repeat this three or four times.
Mix together fuller's earth and soap lees, and rub it into the boards. Let it dry and then scour it off with some strong soft soap and sand, or use lees to scour it with. It should be put on hot, which may easily be done by heating the lees.
Mix thoroughly soft soap and salt - say a tablespoonful of salt to a teacupful of soap, rub on the spots and spread the cloth on the grass where the sun will shine on it. Let it lie two or three days, then wash. If the spots are wet occasionally while lying on the grass, it will hasten the bleaching.
If you have stained your muslin or gingham dress, or your white pants with berries, before wetting with anything else, pour boiling water through the stains and they will disappear. Before fruit juice dries it can often be removed by cold water, using a sponge and towel if necessary.
Stains caused by acids may be removed by tying some pearlash up in the stained part; scrape some soap in cold, soft water, and boil the linen until the stain is gone.
Copperas dissolved in water, one-fourth of a pound to a gallon, and poured into a sink and water drain.occasionally, will keep such places sweet and wholesome. A little chloride of lime, say half a pound to a gallon of water, will have the same effect, and either of these costs but a trifle.
A preparation may be made at home which will answer about as well as the chloride of lime. Dissolve a bushel of salt in a barrel of water, and with the salt water slack a barrel of lime, which should be made wet enough to form a thin paste or wash.
 
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