AUGUST                                                                    137                                                                 AUGUSTUS

the auguries. The augur among the Romans held his office for life; at one time there were but two (generally patricians) ; but later their number was increased to nine and even more.

Au'gust, the sixth month in the Roman year, which began with March. It was originally called Sextilis, and received its present name in honor of the Emperor Augustus, because several of the most important events of his life occurred in this month. In this month he was first elected consul and three times entered Rome in triumph ; in the same month an end was put to the civil wars. To make it equal to the fifth month, a day was taken from February and added to August.

Augus'ta, county seat of Richmond County, Georgia, a city of 41,040 inhabitants, situated at the headwaters of the Savannah River. It was laid out by Oglethorpe, the founder of the state, in 1735 ?.s a trading post for the Indians. It became a point of historic interest and military importance during the Revolutionary War, was visited by Washington in 1702 and by Lafayette in 1825. It is beautifully laid out in wide streets and avenues, noted for their regularity and abundance of shade trees. Greene Street, the main residence street, is 170 feet wide, with a park in the center, the length of the street, shaded with a double row of stately trees. The Augusta canal, nine miles long, developing 14,000 horse power, is one of the widest and deepest in the entire county. It was built and is owned by the city, and furnishes water-power for a dozen large cotton mills. Milling and cotton selling are the main industries of the city. The factory population numbers 15,000. The capital employed is about $6,000,000, running 9,000 looms and 300,000 spindles. Besides these, there are large iron foundries and railroad shops, Augusta is well equipped with hospitals, orphan asylums, electric car lines, parks and public schools. It is a favorite winter resort for northern tourists, having a fine winter hotel, The Bon Air. Its soft climate, beautiful situation and enterprising and hospitable people make it an attractive place for industrial pursuits as well as for social pleasures.

Augusta, the capital of Maine, on the Kennebec River, 43 miles from its mouth. The city lies on both sides of the river, which is spanned by a bridge 520 feet long. The white granite statehouse is one of the finest in New England. Other fine buildings are the courthouse and the Maine insane asylum, to which property has been added the U. S. arsenal grounds. The United States arsenal is on the east side of the river, and the national military asylum is just outside the city limits. A dam, 1,000 feet long, above the city supplies an immense water-power. The chief

interest is lumber, but the city has cotton mills, pulp and paper mills and large publishing houses. Because of Augusta's position among the hills of the Kennebec and her lakes and ponds it has become quite a summer resort. Population, 1-3,211.

Augustine (aw'gus-tïn), Saint Aure-lius, a famous preacher and scholar, was born at Tagaste, near Carthage, Africa, November 13, 354 A. D. He had the best of schooling, the latter part of it at Carthage, where he fell into bad habits. A passage of Cicero, which he chanced to read one day, first stirred his deeper being into life. For the next ten years he was an earnest student of philosophy. In 383 he went to Milan Italy, as a teacher of rhetoric. Here he became a close friend of the eloquent preacher, Ambrose, then bishop of Milan. Augustine often went to hear his friend preach. His mother, Monica, was an earnest Christian, and her influence and that of his friend brought him to accept Christianity. In 396 he was made bishop of Hippo in North Africa. The next year he brought out his Confessions, some passages of which for beauty can only be compared with the Psalms of David. His most powerful work is his City of God. A great thinker and writer, no man's influence on the church has been greater. He died in 430 A. D.

Augus'tus, Oaius Julius Caesar .0c= tavianus, the son of Octavius and Atia (the niece of Julius Caesar), was born September 23, 63 B. C. In early youth he was adopted by Julius Cæsar as his son and heir. At the time of Caesar's assassination, Augustus was a student under the celebrated orator Apollodorus in Illy-ricum. He returned to Italy, assuming the name Julius Cæsar Octavianus, and on his landing at Brundusium was welcomed by deputies from the veterans there assembled. Augustus was at first haughtily treated by the consul, Mark Antony, who refused to surrender the property of Cæsar. After some fighting, in which Antony was defeated and had to flee across the Alps, Augustus, who had made himself a favorite with the people and the army, succeeded in getting the will of Cæsar carried out. When Antony returned from Gaul with Lepidus, Augustus joined them in estab-lshmg a triumvirate. He obtained Africa, Sardinia and Sicily. Antony obtained Gaul, and Lepidus Spam. Their power was soon made absolute by the massacre of those unfriendly to them in Italy and by victories over the republican armies in Macedonia under Brutus and Cassius. After the battle of Philippi, won by Augustus and Antony, the triumvirs made a new division of the provinces—Augustus obtaining Italy and Lepidus Africa. Shortly afterward, the claims of Lepidus and Sextus Pompeius having been settled by force