1. "Blue Print"

A drawing which has been made by the blue print process is called a "blue print".

2. Stock

Rough lumber which has been cut to approximate sizes for class use is called stock.

3. Working Face

A surface of a block of wood that has been planed perfectly flat, so that it will lie flat on a flat surface without rocking, is called a working face. It is the surface from which the other surfaces are trued. It is the surface from which measurements are started.

1 Cree T. Work, "Outlines of Manual Training," San Francisco Public Schools, Teachers' Edition, 1903, page 38.

4. Bottom

The surface of a block of wood opposite the working face is called the bottom.

5. Front Edge

The edge nearest the observer is called the front edge. This edge is squared from the working face and is perpendicular to it.

6. Back Edge

The edge farthest from the observer is the back edge. This edge is also squared from the working face and is perpendicular to it.

7. Right End

The end of the block of wood at the right of the observer is called the right end. It is perpendicular to the working face, bottom, and edges.

8. Left End

The end of the block of wood at the left of the observer is called the left end. It is perpendicular to the working face, bottom, and edges.

9. "Square" Or "True A Block"

To plane a block of wood so that the working face and bottom are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the ends and edges is called "squaring" or "truing a block of wood".

10. "Lay Out Work"

To draw lines on wood which represent the form of the different parts of the object and to show the waste parts to be cut away are known as "laying out work".

11. "Dress Down A Surface"

To plane perfectly smooth, or to plane a block to desired thickness is called "dressing down a surface".

12. "Grain,""Across The Grain,""With The Grain," And "Against The Grain"

These terms refer to the direction of the fibers in the wood that is being worked.

13. "Object,""Model," Or "Project"

These terms are used in naming that which is to be constructed. The term "model" should be used when the object to be constructed is to be made from a drawing or design of another person. When the pupil designs or helps to design the object to be made, then the term "project" should be used. The term "object" may take the place of the terms "model" or "project." At the present time the term 'project" is the most popular term. These terms may also be defined as follows: -

Object

The name of anything to be constructed. It may be constructed from a model, from a drawing designed by another, or it may be constructed from a drawing made and designed by the teacher and pupil together.

Model

"Anything of a particular form, shape, or construction, intended for imitation." - Webster.

Project

"A project is something of a practical nature thrown out for consideration as to its being done." - Webster.

14. "Scribe"

To draw a line parallel to a straight line, or to draw a curved line from a curved edge, using compasses or dividers, is called "scribing".

15. "Checks"

Cracks in wood extending radially and following pith rays are called "checks".

16. "Coarse-Grained"

Trees in which the annual rings are wide give "coarse-grained" lumber.

17. "Fine-Grained"

Trees in which the annual rings are narrow give "fine-grained" lumber which is capable of a high polish.

18. "Bird's-Eye Maple"

A particular and beautiful contour that is sometimes seen in the grain of maple which has been sawed at a tangent is called "bird's-eye maple".