If rings are to be turned about the stem of the goblet, they are worked from the material that is ordinarily cut away. In turning the outside of the bowl leave as much material for the rings as you can. Compare Fig. 115 with Fig. 118.

Fig. 117. Goblet with Rings.

To turn the rings, first turn beads, and then use the ring tools on each side, as shown in Figs. 198 and

295. Gradually work around each ring, until it is nearly cut from the piece. If there is but one ring, it may be worked entirely with the skew chisel, as shown in Fig. 164. If there are several rings the ring tools will be required. Sandpaper and polish the rings carefully, as shown in Fig. 119 and then, by using the ring tools, cut the rings entirely free. After the first set of rings has been cut loose, another set may be made, as shown in Fig. 120; and after these have been finished, yet another set may be made.

By making rings small and close together, a large number may be cut on one goblet. Before

Fig. 118. Goblet Bowl Polished.

Fig. 119. Goblet Rings Polished.

cutting off the second set of rings, turn as much of the base and stem as you can in order to make room for the rings when loosened. Figs. 120 and 121 show how to hold the rings with one hand, while turning the base and stem with the other hand.

Fig. 121 also shows the groove made in starting to cut the goblet from the chuck.

The blank for this goblet was too long for the size of the top, therefore it was necessary to cut it off, as shown in Fig. 122.

In using the parting tool in such a place, start the cut with the point of the skew chisel to avoid roughing the

Fig. 120. Turning Base of Goblet (See Fig. 116).

Fig. 121 Turning Between Rings.

edge. Hold the chisel at such an angle as will cause the goblet to rest on the outer edge of the base. By-cutting a wide space, the bottom of the base may be sandpapered to near the center before cutting it off. In cutting off a piece of this shape, it is better to cut well in from the surface with the acute point of the skew chisel, leaving only a small part to be

Fig. 122. Cutting Goblet from Chuck.

cut with the parting tool. If there is plenty of room, the piece may be cut entirely off with the skew chisel. This will make a better finished bottom. In either case it may be sandpapered after being removed from the lathe.

After the goblet has been removed from the chuck, the inside of the rings should be smoothed with the knife and sandpaper, and then polished by hand.