The lighter parts of chairs, such as rungs or stretchers and spindles are somewhat difficult to turn, because they spring so easily. To avoid the

Fig. 242. Chair Rung.

springing, first turn the piece to a cylinder the entire length (Fig. 243), and then turn the center of the piece as shown in Fig. 244; the piece may be steadied by the hand as shown in Fig. 183.

Fig. 243. Chair Rung Roughed to a Cylinder.

Finish the ends, turning the parts for the tenons to near the finished size. Hold the sizer as shown in Fig. 245, and size the tenons. If the piece tapers

Fig. 244. Chair Rung Center Turned, to the tenon, it will be necessary to finish down to the tenon with the skew chisel after using the sizer.

If the live-center is larger than the finished size of the tenon, there will be a small stub as shown in Fig. 242. This must be split off with a knife after the piece has been removed from the lathe.

In planning the design for a rung or spindle, be very particular to avoid any deep cuts near the center.

Fig. 245. Using the Sizer.

Fig. 246. Spindle.

Fig. 247. Plain Spindle

Figs. 246 and 247 show two styles of spindles. The same general plan is followed in turning them as in turning the legs and the rungs of a chair.