Karl Koldewey

Karl Koldewey, a German explorer, born at Bucken, Hanover, Oct. 26, 1837. He qualified himself for maritime life in the Bremen commercial navy, at the polytechnic school of Hanover, and at the university of Gottingen. He commanded in 1868 the first, and in 1869 the second arctic expedition sent out by Dr. Petermann, and published accounts of them in that geographer's Mittheilungen. In 1871 he became first assistant in the observatory at Hamburg, and prepared under Dove's direction the meteorological and hydrographical results of the arctic voyage (Berlin, 1871-2).

Karl Lachmann

Karl Lachmann, a German philologist and critic, born in Brunswick, March 4, 1793, died in Berlin, March 13, 1851. He was educated at Leipsic and Gottingen, and in 1811 founded in the latter city, in conjunction with Dissen, Schulze, and Bunsen, a critical and philological society, He was successively preceptor at the gymnasium and professor in the university of Konigsberg, and from 1827 till his death was a professor in that of Berlin. Among his numerous publications are critical editions of Pro-pertius, Catullus, Tibullus, Lucretius, Gains, the Nibelungenlied, Walther von der Vogelweide, and Wolfram von Eschenbach, and Betrach-tungen uber die Ilias (Berlin, 1847).

Karl Leonhard Reinhold

Karl Leonhard Reinhold, a German philosopher, born in Vienna, Oct. 26, 1758, died in Kiel, April 10, 1823. He was partially educated by the Jesuits, and after the suppression of that order became teacher of philosophy and mathematics and master of the novitiates in a Benedictine convent at Vienna. In 1783 he escaped by flight, and in 1784 turned Protestant at Weimar and married Wieland's daughter. In 1787 he was appointed professor of philosophy at Jena, which chiefly through his influence became a stronghold of the Kantian philosophy. In 1794 he was transferred to Kiel. Reinhold's chief merit is that of an interpreter and popular advocate of Kant's views. His works are numerous.

Karl Leopold Adolf Sydow

Karl Leopold Adolf Sydow, a German theologian, born in Berlin, Nov. 23, 1800. He studied under Schleiermacher, and was chaplain at Potsdam from 1837 to 1846, and for the last 30 years has been pastor of the Neue Kirche at Berlin. He was arraigned in 1872 for heresy, and was censured and fined, but retained his pastorate. Jointly with F. A. Schulze he has translated into German a collection of Chan-ning's works (15 vols., Berlin, 1850-'53).

Karl Ludwig Von Knebel

Karl Ludwig Von Knebel, a German author, horn at Wallerstein, Bavaria, Nov. 30, 1744, died in Jena, Feb. 23, 1834. His family were Protestant refugees from the Netherlands. He became an officer in the regiment of the Prussian crown prince, and was subsequently connected with the court at Weimar, and with Goethe, whose confidence he enjoyed. He made excellent translations, especially of Al-fieri's "Saul," and wrote poetry. Varnhagen von Ense and Mundt edited his literary remains and correspondence (3 vols., Leipsic, 1835), the latter furnishing a biographical notice, and Guhrauer published Knebel's Briefwechsel mit Goethe (2 vols., 1851).