Georg Ernst Stiiil, a German chemist born in Anspach, Oct. 21, 1660, died in Berlin, May 14, 1734. He took his degree at Jena in 1684, and after giving private lectures there, he was physician to the duke of Weimar from 1687 to 1694, and subsequently professor at Halle till 1716, when he settled in Berlin with the title of royal physician. He was among the first to raise chemistry to an equality with the other natural sciences. In his Theoria Medi-ca Vera (Halle, 1707; new ed. by Choulant, 3 vols., Leipsic, 1831-3; translated into German by Ideler, 3 vols., Berlin, 1832-3) he supposed the existence of an anima or immaterial principle resident in the body, creating its organization, and governing all its processes with reference to the final purpose of preserving life. Every corporeal movement, he said, is the product of a spiritual order. He elaborated also the phlogistic theory which prevailed till the time of Lavoisier, and gave it its name, although its principles had been previously broached by Becher (see Heat, vol. viii., p. 567), in development and defence of which he published Zymotechnia Fundamentalis (1697), and Experimenta et Observationes Chemical (1731). His works have been translated into French, with commentary by T. Blondin ((Oeuvres medico-philosophiques et pratiques, Paris, 1858 et seq.). - See Le vitalisme et l'animalisme de Stahl, by A. Lemoine (1864), and Chemistry, vol. iv., p. 360.