Lances are small paper cases, 2 to 4 inches diameter, filled with one or more compositions each burning with a flame of a particular color. They are used to mark the outlines of figures, and are attached to light frames of wood on sticks of bamboo.

Their composition is as follows: -

Sun Cases are strong cases made like those for rockets, and filled with a composition which burns more slowly than the rocket composition; they are attached to wooden frames to give long rays of sparkling light.

The sunlight is thus formed: -

Nitre..... 1

Sulphur . . . . . 1 Mealed powder . . . 16 Charcoal..... 4

Lights are made by pressing lances or similar compositions in a shallow vessel, or in cases of large diameter; the burning surface being large, the light attains a great intensity.

Their composition is the following: -

Petards are small paper cases filled with powder; one end is entirely closed, and the other has only a small hole left for a piece of quick match to communicate fire to the powder.

Wheels are made and driven like sun cases; they are used to give a rotary motion to pieces mounted on an axis, and to produce at the same time a brilliant fire.

The wheel fires have the following composition: -

Roman candle is a long and strong tube, charged with stars which are thrown out successively by a charge of powder placed under each star.

Their composition is the following: -

Nitre ...... 6

Sulphur ..... 2

Mealed powder . . . 16

Leaders are long paper tubes of small diameter, inclosing a strand of quick match. They are used to communicate fire rapidly from one point to another.

Streamers are composed of -

Nitre.....2

Sulphur . . . . 1 Mealed powder . .16

Charcoal . . . . 4

Serpents are formed of -Charcoal . ....2 Mealed powder . .16

Gold rain is composed of -

Nitre.....16

Sulphur.....10

Mealed powder 4

Lampblack . . .8 Flowers of zinc . . .1

Gum Arabic 1