This section is from the book "Scientific American Reference Book. A Manual for the Office, Household and Shop", by Albert A. Hopkins, A. Russell Bond. Also available from Amazon: Scientific American Reference Book.
Periphery or Circumference. p = π d = 3.14d.
P = 2π r = 6.28r.
p = 2 √ π a = 3.54 √ a.
p = 2a / r = 4a / d.
Diameter and Radius, d = p / π = p / 3.14 r = p / 2π = p / 6.28.
d = 2√ a / π = 1.128 √ a r =√ a / π = 0.564 √ a.
Area of the Circle.
a = π d2 / 4 = 0.785d2 a = π r2 = 3.14r2


π = 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288 4197169399
2s = 6.283185 3π = 9.424778 4π= 12.566370 5π =15.707963 6π = 18.849556 7π = 21.991148 8π = 25.132741 9π = 28.274334 ¼π = 0.785398 ⅓π = 1.047197 ½π = 1.570796 ⅛π = 0.392699 1/6π = 0.523599 1/12π = 0.261799 2/3π = 2.094394 1/360π = 0.008726
1 / π = 0.318310
2 / π = 0.636619
3 / π = 0.954929
4 / π =1.273239
6 / π =1.909859
8 / π =2.546478
12 / π = 3.819718
360 / π = 114.5915
π2 = 9.869650
√π = 1.772453
√ 1 / π = 0.564189
√ π / 2 = 1.253314
√ 2 / π = 0.797884
Log. π = 0.49714987
61.
The periphery of a Circle is commonly expressed by the Greek letter π = 3.14 when the diameter d = 1 or the unit. For any other value of the diameter d, we will denote the periphery by the letter p, r = radius, and a = area of the circle. The periphery of a circle is equal to 3 14-100 times its diameter. c = chord.
62.
b = πrv /180 = 0.0175rv, v = 180b / πr = 57.296 b/r.
63.
w = 180 - v / 2, v = 2(180° - w).
64.
r = c2 + 4h2 / 8h = e2 / 2h,
65.

66.

67.
v = v, w = w, w + v = 180°, w > v.
68.
D = B + C, A' + B' + C = 180°,
B = D - C, A + B + C = 180°,
A'=A, B' = B.
69.
A + B + C = 180°,
A' = A, B' = B.
70.
E + C = A+D = 180°,
D = B + c,
E = A + B.
71.
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2.
72.
(a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2.
73.
(a + b) (a - b)= a2 - b2.
74.
a : b = c : d, ad = bc,
A = B.

75.
a : b = c : d, ad = bc.
76.
a : c = c : b, ab = c2 c = √ ab.
77.
A : B = a : b.
78.
a : x = x : a - x,

79.
c2 = a2 + b2, b2 = c2 - a2
80.
b2 = a2 + b2 - 2bd,

81.
C2 = a2 + b2 + 2bd,

82.
a : b = h : c, h = ac / b = ad / c , d = c2 / b = ch / a. 83.
a : c = d : (b - d), d = ab / c + a , v = v.
84.
a : c = b : d, ad = bc.
85.
a : t = t : b, t2 = ab.
86.
t2 = (a + b) (a - b),
87.
x = aR / R-r,
sin.v = t / a.
88.

89.

l = 2r - V,
r = ½ (l + V).
90.

91.
To find the length of a Spiral.
l = πrn = πr2 / P, n = 1 / πr = r / P,
P = πr2 / l = r / n. P = Pitch.
92.
To find the length of a Spiral.
l = π n (R+r), l = π / P (R2 - r2).
93.
Periphery of an Ellipse.
94.
To construct a screw Helix.
95.
To square a Circumference.
R = 0.555355 d =1.1107 r = 0.7071 S.
S = 0.785398 d = 1.57079 r = 1.4142 R d = 1.27322 S = 1.79740 R = 2r.
96.
To square a Circleplane.
R = 0.626657 d = 1.253314 r = 0.7071 S
S = 0.886226 d = 1.77245 r = 1.4142 R d =1.12838 S = 1.5367 R= 2 r.
 
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