Obviously the number of sanitary fittings required in any building must vary according to its nature and size. It will be best, therefore, to consider the more important classes of buildings separately.

I. Houses.- In many small cottages the only internal sanitary fitting is a simple draining-sink. Formerly, one closet was considered sufficient for half-a-dozen houses or more, and even to-day some sanitary authorities approve of one closet for two, or even three houses. It is much better that every house should have its own closet, and wherever possible a bath ought also to be provided. A simple cast-iron bath can be fixed in the kitchen, and covered with a hinged flap to form a table when the bath is not in use; this arrangement, although not as convenient as a separate bathroom, is better than no bath at all. Where one or two servants are kept, the sanitary fittings will probably consist of two sinks, a bath, one or two lavatory basins, and two water-closets, one being for the servant or servants. In somewhat larger houses an extra lavatory and water-closet for gentlemen will be provided on the ground - floor, and perhaps additional lavatories in dressing-rooms. A servants' bathroom containing bath and lavatory-basin is also desirable, and a servants' water-closet and a housemaid's closet (with slop-hopper and sink) may be placed in close proximity. In still larger houses a greater number of sinks is required, bathrooms may be provided en suite with the principal bedrooms or dressing-rooms, and an additional lavatory and water-closet adjoining the billiard-room or smokeroom; additional water-closets, baths, lavatory-basins, and slop-sinks may also be rendered necessary by the increased number of stories and of bedrooms. Separate conveniences must be provided for male and female servants. A children's bathroom and water-closet near the day and night 'nurseries are also exceedingly useful. It is clear that no hard and fast rules can be laid down, but in view of the difficulty of obtaining domestic servants there is undoubtedly a tendency to increase the number of sanitary fittings, in order to reduce as much as possible the rough work of the house.

In residential flats of superior character each flat must of course be complete in itself, and the number of the fittings will be regulated to a large extent by the number of rooms.

In blocks of workmen's dwellings water-closets common to two or even three tenements are often provided, but it is better that each dwelling-at any rate, if it contains more than a single room-should have a separate water-closet. In London tenement dwellings at least one closet must be provided for every twelve persons-in other words, for every two or three tenements. Every dwelling ought to have a sink of its own, although this is not always provided even in modern buildings. Laundries and bath-rooms are invariably common to a number of tenements.

2. Hotels.- The provision of labour-saving fittings is of even greater importance in hotels than in houses, but as hotels vary in character from mere drink-shops to what may be termed public residences, only general hints can be given as to the number of fittings required. Men's conveniences, containing lavatories, urinals, and water-closets, must be provided near the bars and billiard-rooms, and also within convenient reach of rooms used for public meetings. Separate conveniences are required in connection with suites of rooms. One water-closet for every ten or twelve bedrooms ought to be provided, but a smaller number of bathrooms will suffice. Separate conveniences for male and female servants are required, and housemaids' closets with slop-hoppers and sinks must be placed in convenient positions for the different groups of bedrooms,

3. Schools.- The following table issued by the Board of Education "shows approximately the number of closets needed," in connection with elementary day-schools:-

For boys and infants it is said that urinals must be provided "in proportion." This is very indefinite, but for boys the urinals should be at least as numerous as the closets, while for infants at least one urinal is required for every two closets.

Sometimes the following scale is adopted for schools-fifteen closets for every hundred girls, and ten closets and five urinals for every hundred boys. This gives too many boys' closets and too few urinals. Lavatories and water-closets ought to be provided for the masters and mistresses in close proximity to the rooms set apart for their use. No definite rule has been laid down for the number of lavatory basins in elementary schools, but one for every twenty-five scholars will prove ample; some school boards prefer a much smaller proportion of basins, say one for every fifty scholars.

For boarding schools a somewhat similar scale to that laid down by the Board of Education will suffice for the day conveniences, but additional fittings must be provided near the dormitories, approximately as follows:-For every hundred boys, four water-closets, sixteen urinals, twenty baths, and forty lavatory basins; and for every hundred girls, fifteen water-closets, eighteen or twenty baths, and forty lavatory basins. Additional fittings must of course be provided for the masters, mistresses, matrons, male and female servants, the governors of the schools, and in some cases for visitors. For poor-law schools the baths must, according to the regulations of the Local Government Board, be sufficient in number to allow every child to bathe twice a week.

3. Hospitals.- In hospitals separate conveniences must be provided for each ward, except for small separation wards. A common allowance is one water-closet, one bath, and two lavatory basins for every twelve beds. In addition to the patients' fittings, a nurses' water-closet ought to be provided near each large ward. Each ward must have its slop-sink specially arranged for washing bed-pans, and each duty-room or ward-kitchen must have a washing-up sink.

4. Factories and Workshops.- Separate conveniences must be provided for the two sexes. A common allowance is one closet for every twenty persons, but as, under the Factories and Workshops Acts, the local sanitary authorities are empowered to make regulations on the subject, much diversity exists in different districts. Some authorities are content with one closet for every thirty or even forty persons of the same sex. The urinals ought to be at least equal in number to the men's closets.